Cruise Shipping Industry Impacts On Tourism In Jamaica Tourism Essay

Voyage Shipping Industry Impacts On Tourism In Jamaica Tourism Essay Section 1 Presentation of the Cruise Shipping Industry and how it impacts on the travel industry in Jamaica The travel industry is the movement for relaxation, business or recreational purposes outside of ones standards for close to a year. It has become the biggest and quickest developing industry in the worldwide economy. In 1871 an American ocean chief called Lorenzo Dow Baker cruised into Port Antonio and took with him a load of coconuts and 1,450 stems of bananas. The benefit that he made in Boston immediately caused him to understand the potential for the zone since benefits from the offer of the bananas were incredible he before long constructed a flourishing fare business, called The Boston Fruit Company, which later turned into the United Fruit Company. He claimed 40 banana manors and delivered 3,000,000 packs yearly at its pinnacle. He later observed the potential for the travel industry in Jamaica and built up the principal journey boat to and from Port Antonio. So he began cruising guests from the freezing New England states to Jamaica of Port Antonio in his vacant banana ponto ons. He at that point manufactured Jamaicas first lodging called the Titchfield Hotel in the mid 1900s. In 1905 the lodging was 600 feet of open space and 400 rooms. It was said that no lodging on that side of the Atlantic Sea had furnished with any of those luxuries that serve so to a great extent to the delight of voyagers. This started to flourish in Jamaica after World War I, when improved techniques for transportation made it simpler for individuals to get from one nation to the next. Signs are that in the mid 1920s the quantity of visitors visiting the island yearly most likely didn't surpass a couple thousand. By 1938 the figure had ascended to 64,000, and in 1952 the quantity of appearances nearly multiplied to more than 104,000; in 1966 the number surpassed 345,000, and in 1970 about 415,000. In 1982 it surpassed 600,000. Since the 1987â ­88 season, the quantity of guests has surpassed one million per year and has kept on developing, halfway because of the incredible increment in the appearances of journey transport travelers. All out appearances for 1993 were 1,616,430. The journey dispatching industry has a wide range of effects on the Jamaican the travel industry. It is one of the quickest developing areas of the travel industry, is getting increasingly well known to vacationers and has a decent potential for development. In Jamaica the business bids to the mass market travels. These are the travels which are respectably valued and advances to pretty much every kind of individual. The Caribbean is one of the most the travel industry subordinate areas on the planet with Jamaica being the most reliant as the primary wellspring of salary which brings 25 percent of GDP. Effects looked by the travel industry change from the ecological perspective, socio-social, and conservative. As it identifies with nature Cruise ships speak to under 1% of the worldwide vendor  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡eet yet it has been assessed that they are liable for 25% of all waste produced by dealer vessels. This volume of waste produces pressures on the earth, especially as for transport cr eated squander removal at home ports and ports of call. Other contrary effects incorporate conveying limit which is the most extreme number of people suggested on a specific eco-framework before this outcome in consumption of its characteristic assets. Negative socio-social effects confronted local people incorporate the utilization of assets which may cause clashes, for example, rivalry among visitor and nearby populaces for the utilization of prime assets like water and vitality in view of the scant flexibly. Another negative effect is financial imbalance, among local people and voyagers, where sightseers ordinarily spend more than they as a rule do at home, local people may appear to feel second rate compared to the vacationers as they can't do such enormous spending which may cause social conflicts. Positive effects are local people and voyagers get the opportunity to impart their social contrasts to one another. Efficient effects of journey dispatching in Jamaica are the expans ion of remote trade income, benefit and assessments, work, externalities, terms of exchange, and economies of scale. What's more, voyage the travel industry requires less framework contrasted with visit the travel industry at a vacationer goal. Negative effects on the travel industry economy are spillages of vacationer consumption which present an issue to journey goals. Spillages comprise of traveler income streaming out of Jamaica in which it was spent. The primary wellsprings of spillages are customer merchandise (particularly food and drink), repatriation of benefits, abroad limited time costs and taking care of outer obligation. In the event that the salary from the travel industry goes to individuals who dwell outside of the nation, rather than occupants, the advantages of the travel industry are little. Voyage the travel industry has been reprimanded for forcing neighborhood costs without repaying benefits. Voyage traveler spending is coordinated towards shopping where nearby substance is low. Motivation behind the examination Jamaica is a wonderful island yet in the previous decades the nation has been changed into a stupendous visitor goal, and in the process decimating a couple of the characteristic excellence en route. In exploring the voyage transporting industry, I am planning to discover the positive and the negative effects of the journey dispatching industry on Jamaica and on the off chance that it can support all the journey ships seen coming in to the ports, taking into account that it is a blasting business. I will likewise look to see whether Jamaica will have the option to suit all the individuals going to the island without a moment's delay through each port. Effects, for example, what effects does voyage ships have on the environmental arrangement of Jamaica? What are the biological effects on the ports visited? What are the impacts on solidification going on in the voyage business? 1.2 Significance of the Study The partners that this examination will profit are the Jamaica Tourist Board, the travel industry understudies, the Cruise Shipping industry and the travel industry division all in all, as this will help them in settling on further choices gauging the geniuses and the cons of this industry on its monetary advantage as well as its effect on the earth. 1.3 Statement of the issue On the off chance that sewage from the voyage ships is discharged in the ports at each visit, at that point the marine biological system will be harmed and cause mischief to living beings. In the event that such a large number of individuals visit the island without a moment's delay from a voyage transport then the aggregate sum of adequate settlement will be surpassed making irreversible harms Jamaica. 1.4 Research Questions Toward the finish of this finish of this exploration the inquiries I want to answer are: What the plans are for the sewage control for each port in Jamaica? Who generally profits by the travelers when they visit the legislature or people in general (local people)? In the event that the analysis is valid on whether has forced nearby expenses without repaying benefits. On the off chance that local people are denied from water and power when voyage ships are at the ports. Meaning of Terms Voyage transport If local people are denied from water and power when journey ships are at the ports. Solidification The procedure of development in certain business sectors whereby littler organizations are gained or come up short on business, leaving just a couple of predominant players Biological effects Effect on living being and their non-living (a biotic) domain because of human movement or common marvel Practical Impacts-Economy-wide (macroeconomic) impact on work and earnings delivered by a choice, occasion, or strategy. Gross domestic product Gross Domestic Product Spillages spillage is the non-utilization employments of pay, including sparing, assessments, and imports Ports-a city, town, or other spot where boats stack or empty Port of call-A port visited by a voyage transport however where travelers don't start or end their excursion. Socio-social effects social and social issues

Speech: Global Warming is Real :: essays research papers

Typhoons, Tsunamis, withdrawing icy masses, volcanoes and twisters. What I'm going to let you know is genuine and will change your life perpetually so wake up and enjoy the ambiance which are presently blossoming in winter. A dangerous atmospheric devation is perhaps the greatest danger to mankind. It is brought about by the bringing of earths temperature up in the lower climate. Since the mechanical upset the temperature has gone up by 1 degree Fahrenheit of what it has found the middle value of to be for quite a long time. Doesn't seem like a lot and your right, however for each degree it goes up effectively 500 feet of snow won't fall. As in our earth is warming. The most sweltering recorded temperature was in 2005 which coordinated the temperature in 1998. Twice in the most recent decade we've had the most sultry temperature on normal at any point recorded since forever. Fortuitous event. I think not. The snows of the Kilimanjaro have essentially disappeared and in a few decades Glacier National park is going to require another name in light of the fact that by 2030 there will be no ice sheets left in the entire park. The incomparable Greenland icecaps are dissolving at a disturbing pace, and sliding into the ocean. Your right, who minds dislike its occurrence close to us. Be that as it may, by 2100 all our seaside states will appear as though Venice including our own. You won?t be alive yet your kids and grandkids will. The ocean level is required to ascend to 23 crawls in the following decade. There has been a 100 percent expansion in power and term of typhoons and hurricanes since 1970 as per a 2005 MIT study. What amount more proof do we need before somebody takes care of this? For any individual who thinks at all about the future, the progressive change of our earth is transforming into a human-heater that makes psychological oppression resemble a round of imposing business model. Believe I'm joking? By 2050, 15-37% of all plant and creature species could be wiped out. Which means it will be more earnestly for plants to deliver photosynthesis. No huge right? Wrong. Without photosynthesis, oxygen can?t be made. The greater part of us in this room will be in our late 60?s by then with youngsters and grandkids. I'm not catching that's meaning for them? The air will be more diligently to breath and the temperature of earth will have expanded by 2 degrees Fahrenheit. By 2050 up to 38% of water will be not able to hold submerged species due to rising temperature.

Effects of the Second World War on Asia and Africa Essay

Impacts of the Second World War on Asia and Africa - Essay Example omists hence contend that decolonisation happened because of financial reasons as pilgrim powers came to appreciate all the advantages of states without bearing substantial expenses of administering over them1. There were likewise developments of autonomy springing is various pieces of Africa. Asian decolonisation might be because of monetary reasons yet this permitted different states to battle for their opportunity as well. After the Second World War the hold of frontier powers began to slip as nations began to request rights. It was likewise not, at this point possible to control such huge numbers of geological areas both financially and strategically. The sentiment of being ‘used’ as a device in the Second World War additionally assumed a job in springing freedom developments. All things considered decolonisation was the most critical delayed consequence of the Second World War. Without the war it would have been hard for Asian and African settlements to pick up free dom. Presently we will talk about how decolonisation influenced Asia and Africa. Impacts on Asia People of Asia were associated with legitimately in the Second World War. English India took an interest in the war by loaning officers just as crude materials to the British Empire. At first it was hard for the British Empire to get the help of the Indian individuals however with the guarantee of freedom Indian individuals were accepted for the Second World War. Netherland, Spain, Portugal, and France additionally had provinces in Asia yet because of their powerless financial circumstance they needed to draw out of their settlements. The principal nation to decolonise after Second World War was Indonesia which was under Dutch control. Spain excessively drew out of domains they controlled. This was all a direct result of the impacts of Second World War. The war debilitated all the nations to incredible degree and along these lines they needed to pull... This article tries to look at impacts of the Second World War on Africa and Asia. It is talked about how the finish of Second World War made ready for freedom of the colonized nations in Africa and Asia. It additionally discusses the delayed consequences of decolonisation on Asian and African landmasses. The Second World War finished in a debacle. Japan was confronting serious issues because of nuclear bomb. Europe was totally pulverized as millions were influenced from the war. Extraordinary Britain, France, Netherland, Spain, United States, and Soviet Union all had settlements everywhere throughout the world at that point. It tends to be said that there was no ‘third world’ in pre Second World War scene and the vast majority of the world was constrained by the previously mentioned colonizers. The impact of the harms of Second World War was extraordinary. Monetarily practically all the nations were enduring including the states themselves. The circumstance of the locals of provinces was not monetarily sound since The Great Depression as costs of crude materials were falling continually. The paper infers that the drawn out impacts of Second World War were extraordinary on Africa and Asia as new nations appeared and new types of patriotism were established. New nations assumed a functioning job in universal legislative issues just as in exchange. Today Asian nations are developing at an extraordinary pace and the once ‘third world’ is currently controlling up to increase financial incomparability over western nations. This started with the finish of Second World War and decolonisation.

Comparison of Chesapeake and New England Colonies Research - 550 Words

Comparison of Chesapeake and New England Colonies Research (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Instructor:Course:Date:Comparison of Chesapeake and New England ColoniesThe late 16th and 17th century experienced a rapid urge to colonize the newly discovered Americas. England, in particular, was very prompt in responding to the need of acquiring foreign colonies. Therefore, England sent out two groups to colonize two regions of the eastern coast America namely Chesapeake and New England. The Chesapeake colonies were Maryland, Virginia, New Jersey and Pennsylvania while the New England colonies included Plymouth, Connecticut, and Massachusetts Bay (Krieger). However, these two distinct regions had unique identities. The purpose of this study clearly compares the similarities and differences between the Chesapeake and New England colonies.The reasons behind the founding of the two colonies were very different. Religious freedom was one of the distinct characteristic that distinguished New England from Chesapeake. In England during the reign of Henry VIII, the C hurch of England separated from Catholicism and Protestantism became popular. The flourish of Protestantism did not deter some of the Protestants to seek complete separation from Catholicism, and so they embraced Calvinism. These Protestants together with persecuted Catholics were called Separatists needed a sense of religious freedom (Reich). They left England to the new land of the Americas and settled in New England. Therefore, their migration motive was not economic in nature. They slightly made variations to most of the products from England. Furthermore, the economy of New England was highly dominated by small-scale farmers and city artisans. The artisans became skilled merchants that ran commercial businesses in the cities within the colony (Reich).On the contrary, the motive behind England settlers in Chesapeake was economic in nature as most people who left England were in pursuit of financial freedom. Jamestown along the peninsula of James River was the first town to thriv e in the newly found land. The settlers in Chesapeake hoped to mine minerals like gold and silver as well as find a northwest access route to Asia. Similarly, these settlers hoped to find a cure for Syphilis, take it back to England and make it a thriving and profitable business. Nevertheless, the Chesapeake colony turned to the Powhatan Indians to help them learn the process of tobacco and corn-growing. Therefore, large plantations became a unique trademark of the Chesapeake colonies because they received labor from enslaved workers (Krieger).Socially, the New England and Chesapeake colonies had unique distinguishing characteristics. The family size in New England was large because it was made up of couples (both males and females) while the Chesapeake family was made up of men only who were working in plantations. Moreover, the ages of settlers in New England varied widely because they migrated to the new land as family groups whereas settlers in Chesapeake were of the same averag e age. On the other hand, health was also a distinguishing factor. People in New England were healthier, and their life expectancy was high because they were free of tropical diseases of the south. Research claims that New England settlers gained five years while Chesapeake settlers lost ten years in life expectancy (...

Analysis Of Jared Diamond s The Worst Mistake - 844 Words

In Jared Diamond’s â€Å"The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race† he kicks off by telling readers the negative effects agriculture has placed on our world that still follows us today. He believes that â€Å"with agriculture came the gross social and sexual inequality, the disease and despotism that curse our existence† and that this will continue on until a change occurs (Diamond1). He explains the progressivist perspective as well but uses their reasoning as a way to back up his. Diamond is correct that human’s worst mistake is beginning agriculture because more problems occurred than it actually solved and humans are not better off this way. Diamond explains that our worst mistake was the transition from hunter-gathers to farmers. Diamond believes that humans were better off chasing our food rather than planting it due to the consequences that followed after such a dramatic change of life. His reasoning expands further out than one might think of about this subject. He talks about the social changes that were created when agriculture began. Diamond spews empowering points that leave a reader pondering if he is correct. People are only sure of how the world is now but the possibilities are endless on what our world could have been if agriculture had not begun. Hunter-gatherers lived in an egalitarian society; this means that everyone is treated equally. Color, gender, nor age made any difference; every person had an equal contribution to the tribe. There is not an issueShow MoreRelatedThe Human Mark On The Environment2347 Words   |  10 Pagesterraces or walls to hold back floods. One of the more dramatic effects of settling down was the change in female fertility and the rise in population.   A number of different effects together caused the population to grow.Among modern foragers, a woman s pregnancies tend to be spaced three to four years apart because of the extended period of breastfeeding characteristic of these societies.   Extended means not just that children are weaned at three to four years of age but that they still nurse wheneverRead MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 PagesHandbook of Economic Growth edited by Philippe Aghion and Steve Durlauf. We thank the editors for their patience and Leopoldo Fergusson, Pablo Querubà ­n and Barry Weingast for their helpful suggestions. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the National Bureau of Economic Research.  ©2004 by Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission providedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslamentable. Taken together, the key themes and processes that have been selected as the focus for each of the eight essays provide a way to conceptualize the twentieth century as a coherent unit for teaching, as well as for written narrative and analysis. Though they do not exhaust the crucial strands of historical development that tie the century together—one could add, for example, nationalism and decolonization—they cover in depth the defining phenomena of that epoch, which, as the essays demonstrate

Learning Process and its Application for Reflective Journal

Question: Discuss about theLearning Process and its Application for Reflective Journal. Answer: Introduction The report is the reflective journal in relation to Critically analysing the factors affecting consumer buying behaviour and satisfaction level for food products in Sydney. The reflective journal is written in the first person and thus the experience of research and reasons are been discussed in the journal. Learning is been quoted along with the practical application of the things in fast food centres. Initially, the opinion and value of the learning experience are discussed along with the learning process which involves the different area where the learning is useful. Thereafter the objectivity of learning is gain through and what is heard, seen and read is concluded. The implication of these learning in business research and its uses in near future is briefly explained. Afterwards, the reason behind the research is figured out after analysing the contents in assignment 1 and assignment 2. Lastly, the application of learning in the course, research subject and further profession is narrowly elucidated. In nutshell, the overall experience in learning and applying the knowledge in real term is promoted. The trials are been made understand the mindset of consumers and what measures could be taken to resolve the problem to certain extent. Reflective Journal Opinion about the learning experience In my opinion, the experience of gaining new aspects and broadening up the knowledge was such that many points that were untouched came out and study area widens up. The study helps in building up the new perspective towards the market area and food industry. Earlier the study was confined to the books and classroom only (Sheffield, 2014). The aspect and thoughts were at the generalised level which now gained a specific version and good knowledge. Many opportunities raised up due to the study conducted. The career area widens up which might help the food industry as well as to myself in opting similar industry in the near future (Mullis, 2014). In connection with the food industry, there are various other options that might be adopted like opening up the store from where restaurant and caf owners could make purchases of the ingredients used. Inaugurating the similar sought of the outlet with modification and applying the certain theme of the restaurant to attract consumers and likewi se flourishing the own business. Other than this the kitchen appliances and furniture business could also be adapted to provide assistance to those outlets and restaurants situated nearby. The skills and abilities are enhanced while undergoing the research which expands the mindset and converts the ideas of individual and interest in choosing the career gets diverted and allowed a correct path of growth. Value of experience This experience is fruitful in the manner that many new things are got to learn by conducting this research. The mindset changed and vision of life and career broadens up. Numerous options are made available in terms of business as well as for a job. Rather than the books, external knowledge is also gained which clarified the bookish concept and lead towards the live ground where practical thing tends to happen. Using this experience I can move a step ahead in the food and beverage industry and apply these changes to my business making it a successfully flourishing business (Sharen, 2017). Uses of learning experience The learning experience helps in the betterment of career by creating the understanding of the food sector and opening up another area to build up the career. The analysis could be made in various areas which are briefly quoted below: Course: The understanding of the course improved and clarity was gained related to the subject. Got to contact new people for collecting feedback improved the communication skills and strengthen the command over the language (Ohman, 2013). Program: Due to this program the confidence level got up and morale is boosted while inculcating the primary research and interviewing various people in the caf. Through the channel of this program, self-development took place. Future career: Scope of future career enhances. Many opportunities open up as the knowledge of the market is gained. Through primary knowledge, the confidence to face and interact with people got increased which helps in conducting marketing activities in the future. While collecting secondary data knowledge area broadens up as authentic studies and expert writings were deeply analysed and evaluated to come up to a conclusion. Life generally: In general life the personality underwent improvisation and standard are Working in the food industry is gained and how the new areas could be identified is acquired through the studies. Career goal is identified and better vision is set (Zarah, 2017). The new knowledge will definitely be applied in the coming future. While conducting the research and understanding about the food products in Sydney and behaviour of consumer towards the product and the company, it is realised that there are numerous factors in the market which are yet not touched and if they are implemented than proper usage is not made, correcting which may lead to the better scenario. In future, if I plan to own the food and beverage outlet or things related to business than this study will be of great use. The food stuff is not what is prepared there are multiple things attached in context of the food stuff. The behaviour of consumer depends mostly upon the presentation they demand adequate infrastructure facility, optimum quality food with the great sought of hygiene and enormous things like that. Undertaking all these stuff in mind the furniture showroom could be inaugurated, import and export business of food stuff could be made in order to enhance the future opportunity and widening up the area of growth (Hollis Eren, 2016). Learning process In the learning process, the data is collected through interviews with consumers and owners and difference between the gaps is studies. In certain outlets and food zone owners are ready to implement the changes but then it will cost a bit high to the consumer, whereas consumer demands for varieties but are not ready to pay for it. This creates differences, such gaps can be bridged by introducing the new foodstuff in those market area where the consumer is not much price conscious and priority I gave to the worth of the product rather than price (UNSW, 2017). For this, the official areas and professional outlets should be checked out and targeting, segmenting and positioning should take place for the growth of industry and fulfilling the demand of consumer thereby making both ends meet (Consumer psychologist, 2017). In the learning process, all the aspects were fairly used. The journals, article and other reading are involved in the secondary collection of data, the behaviour of consu mers is seen and being the consumer some ideas are added from my point of view as well depending on my behaviour, thoughts, reaction and satisfaction towards the things. The hearing is emphasised as well in the interview and feedback session with customers, owners and experts who have made research in the similar field. Judgement regarding the observation This particular business research is important for the personal learning purpose. Many hidden aspects and factors affecting buying behaviour are understood. Earlier I was aware of only the basic meaning of psychological factor but after this, the entire category is made learnt and minute aspect are made to understand which are of high use in the real world. The attitude and perspective are created through the promotional policies undertaken. Visuals leave good and lasting imprints in the mind of consumer thus presentation is highly focused and promotions are made using the catchy and mesmerising images to grab the attention of consumers (Ross, 2017). Formerly the situation factor was not much clear but on researching and interacting with people it is known that distance is the crucial point that matters as it is connected with the time factor that is another critical point in each persons life. It is noted that personal factor also plays a distinct role; it is connected with the soci etal factor. The culture and values in which the person is brought up influence the choice and behaviour of the individual to great extent. What the family has taught from the childhood did not vanish with the changing trend. For instance, in food outlets like KFC, McDonalds where non-veg is been offered, the Muslim community prefer only the Halal product because it is attached to their values and culture (Akpan, 2016). Thus the business researchers contributed a lot in developing the learning process and learn more and more practical things that actually apply but are not given or explained in the text books. This kind of knowledge will surely help me in upcoming future where I can apply this knowledge and make the plan to bridge up the gaps between consumer and producers thereby making the effort to bring revolution. Reason for doing research The reason behind conducting such activities is to learn about the real world and enter into the practical world to have experience that what actually is been followed in the real world. The objective was analysed and piloting is made whether the research objective selected is worth analysing? Do the problem really exists or not? When it was confirmed that this problem is actually the real one and meant to be analysed and studied research process got started. My motive was to know the hurdles that create disturbance among consumers and owners in food products. The satisfaction level of consumer varies from person to person; the reason behind conducting this research is to know these variations and to mark up which of the habits, reactions and behaviour are most commonly seen which are likely to create conflict and what measures would be taken to improve the current situation and move it towards betterment (Rosen, 2015). Application of learning in life First and foremost these learning will help in the completion of the academic project which would assist me in getting promoted. Also, the research was the demand for completion of my course without which I could not achieve the degree. Apart from grades the learning contributed to the expansion of knowledge and facing the reality of the world. It is the first step towards the professional career. The study opened up a number of ways that can be opted after completing the degree course. Through this knowledge, I may start my own food business adopting all those challenges that prevail in the market and making changes to set a new trend and explore the hidden opportunities by targeting the niche market that is studied by me in the following research (Skills you need, 2017). Conclusion Thus, it could be concluded that consumer behaviour and satisfaction varies from person to person and differs as per situations. A business person needs to have patience and understand the mind and desire of the consumer thoroughly and services are rendered accordingly. Also, consumers are unsatisfied souls thus they should compromise with their desire and make the priority list and explain to the producer of food stuff the exact taste. It might happen that the taste may not match exactly but efforts made should always be appreciated. This will build the strong bond between the marketer and consumer and loyalty will be gained which will be fruitful for consumers, employees and producers. References Akpan, 2016, The influence of cultural factors on consumer buying behaviour, British Journal of Marketing Studies, vol.4, no.6. p.p. 44-57 Consumer psychologist, 2017, Segmentation, targeting and positioning, viewed on 23rd August 2017, https://www.consumerpsychologist.com/cb_Segmentation.html. Hollis. F. H., Eren. F.,2016, Implementation of real-world experiential learning in a food science course using a food industry-integrated approach, Journal of Food Science Education, vol.15, no.4, p.p. 109-119. Mullis. D., 2014, Expressing opinion is a valuable learning experience, viewed on 23rd August 2017. https://theappalachianonline.com/2014/10/06/expressing-opinion-valuable-learning-experience/. Ohman. S., 2013, Benefits of gaining research experience, viewed on 23rd August 2017, https://eraucso.wordpress.com/2013/06/24/benefits-of-gaining-research-experience/. Rosen. D., 2015, Do your research! 6 reasons why research is so important for your business, viewed on 23rd August 2017, https://www.opensesame.com/blog/do-your-research-6-reasons-why-research-so-important-your-business. Ross. C., 2017, How the way we learn affects our daily lives, viewed on 23rd August 2017. https://www.learning-mind.com/how-the-way-we-learn-affects-our-daily-lives/. Sharen. C., 2017, The value of experience, viewed on 23rd August 2017, https://colleensharen.wordpress.com/2009/11/26/the-value-of-experience-2/. Sheffield, 2014, Reflective Journal, viewed on 23rd August 2017. https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/ssid/301/tash/writing/academic/reflective. Skills you need, 2017, How to apply study skills to real life work, viewed on 23rd August 2017, https://www.skillsyouneed.com/rhubarb/apply-study-skills-to-work.html. UNSW, 2017, Understanding learning process, viewed on 23rd August 2017, https://teaching.unsw.edu.au/understanding-learning-processes. Zarah. L., 2017, 7 reasons why research is important, viewed on 23rd August 2017, https://owlcation.com/academia/Why-Research-is-Important-Within-and-Beyond-the-Academe.

Solvent Essay Example

Solvent Essay Solubility of Organic Compounds Objectives: understanding the relative solubility of organic compounds in various solvents. Exploration of the effect of polar groups on a monopoly hydrocarbon skeleton. Introduction: The solubility of a solute (a dissolved substance) In a solvent (the dissolving medium) is the most Important chemical principle underlying three major techniques you will study in the organic chemistry laboratory: crystallization, extraction, and chromatography. In this experiment on solubility you will gain an understanding of the structural features of a substance that determine its solubility in various elevens. This understanding will help you to predict solubility behavior and to understand the techniques that are based on this property. In one part of this experiment, you will determine whether a solid organic compound is soluble or insoluble in a given solvent. You should keep in mind that this is actually an over simplification since some solids may be partially soluble in a given solvent. If the organic compound being dissolved in a solvent is a liquid, then it is sometimes more appropriate to say that the compound and the solvent are miscible (mix homogeneously In all proportions). Likewise, If the liquid organic impound Is Insoluble In the solvent, then they are Immiscible (do not mix, and form two liquid phases). A major goal of this experiment is to learn how to make predictions about whether or not a substance will be soluble in a given solvent. This is not always easy to do, even for an experienced chemist. We will write a custom essay sample on Solvent specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Solvent specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Solvent specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However there are some guidelines which will often make It possible for you to make a good guess about the collectibles of compounds In specific solvents. In discussing these guidelines It Is helpful to separate the types of solutions we will be looking at into two categories: (1 ) Solutions n which both the solvent and the solute are covalent (molecular). (2) Ionic solutions in which the solute unionizes and dissociates. L. Solutions In which the Solvent and Solute are Molecular A generalization which is very useful in predicting solubility behavior is the widely used rule, Like dissolves like. This rule is most commonly applied to polar and monopoly compounds. According to this rule, a polar solvent will dissolve polar (or ionic) compounds and a monopoly solvent will dissolve monopoly compounds. The reason why this rule works has to do with the nature of Intermolecular forces of attraction. Although we will not be focusing on the attraction between polar molecules is called dipole- dipole interaction (or hydrogen bonding under certain circumstances); between monopoly molecules it is called London dispersion forces. In both cases these attractive forces can occur between molecules of the same compound or different compounds In this experiment, you will be testing the solubility of several compounds in several solvents. You will then be asked to explain these results primarily in terms of the polarity of the solvent and the solute. This can be done only if you are able to determine whether a substance is polar or monopoly. The polarity of a compound is dependent on both the polarities of the individual bonds and the shape of the molecule. For most organic compounds, evaluating these factors can become quite complicated because of the complexities of the molecules. However, it is possible to make some reasonable predictions by Just looking at the types of atoms which a compound possesses. As you read the following guidelines, it is important to understand that, although we often describe compounds as being polar or monopoly, polarity is a matter of degree, ranging from monopoly to highly alarm. Guidelines. These guidelines will be helpful in completing this laboratory experiment. They will help you to determine if a substance is polar or monopoly and to make predictions about solubility. 1. All hydrocarbons are monopoly. Examples: Hexane Benzene 2. Compounds possessing the electronegative elements oxygen or nitrogen are generally polar. Acetone Ethyl alcohol Ethyl acetate Ethylene Ethyl ether Water The polarity of these compounds depends on the presence of polar C-O, C=O, OH, NH and CNN bonds. The compounds which are most polar are capable of forming hydrogen bonds (see #4) and have NH or OH bonds. Although all of these polar. This is due to the effect of the size of the carbon chain on polarity and whether or not the compound can form hydrogen bonds. 3. The presence of halogen atoms, even though their electromagnetisms are relatively high, does not alter the polarity of an organic compound in a significant way. Therefore, these compounds are only slightly polar. The polarities of these compounds are more similar to hydrocarbons, which are monopoly, than to water which is highly polar. Examples Methyl chloride (disintermediation) Schoolchildren 4. When comparing organic compounds within the same family, adding carbon atoms to the chain decreases the polarity. For example, methyl alcohol (COACH) is more polar than propel alcohol (CHICHIS). This is because hydrocarbons are monopoly, and increasing the length of a carbon chain makes the compound more hydrocarbon-like. The general rule of thumb is that each polar group (groups containing nitrogen or oxygen) will allow up to 4 carbons to be soluble in water. 5. As mentioned earlier, the force of attraction between polar molecules is dipole- dipole interaction. A special case of dipole-dipole interaction is hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is a possibility when a compound possesses a hydrogen atom bonded too nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom. It is the attraction between this hydrogen atom and a nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom in another molecule. Hydrogen bonding may occur between two molecules of the same compound or between molecules of different compounds. Hydrogen bonding is the strongest type of dipole-dipole interaction. When hydrogen bonding between solute and solvent is possible, solubility is greater than one would expect for compounds of similar polarity that cannot form hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonding is very important in organic chemistry and biochemistry, and you should be alert for situations in which hydrogen bonding may occur. II. Solutions in which the Solute Unionizes and Dissociates Many ionic compounds are highly soluble in water because of the strong attraction between ions and the highly polar water molecules. This also applies to organic compounds that can exist as ions. For example, sodium acetate consists of An+ and CHOC- ions, which are highly soluble in water. Although there are some exceptions, you may assume in this experiment that all organic compounds that are n the ionic form will be water-soluble. Sections. For example, carboxylic acids can be converted to water-soluble salts when they react with dilute aqueous Noah: water-insoluble carboxylic acid water-soluble salt The water-soluble salt can then be converted back to the original carboxylic acid by adding another acid (usually aqueous HCI) to the solution of the salt: Amines, which are orga nic bases, can also be converted to water-soluble salts when they react with dilute aqueous HCI: amine This salt can be converted back to the original amine by adding a base (usually aqueous Noah) to the solution of the salt. Pre-Lab: . Several portions of this lab request that you make predictions regarding outcomes of solubility experiments. Make these predictions before you arrive in lab and record them on this worksheet. 2. Write a paragraph describing hydrogen bonding and draw an illustration of hydrogen bonding between water molecules. Do not forget to discuss electronegative, lone pairs and bond polarity. Complete this assignment on a separate sheet of paper and submit it at the beginning of lab. Lab Report Guide: 1. Results (5 pets) Tables neatly filled out Questions legibly answered Results: (Please fill out and submit with the lab report. Recopy if messy) Part A. Solubility of Solid Compounds Place about 40 MGM (0. 040 g) of phenyl into each of two dry test tubes. (Dont try to be exact: you can be 1-2 MGM off and the experiment will still work. ) Label the test tubes and then add 1 ml of water to the 1st tube and 1 ml of hexane to the 2nd tube. Determine the solubility of each sample in the following way. Using the rounded end of a spatula, stir each sample continuously for 60 seconds by twirling the spatula rapidly. After 60 seconds (do not stir longer), note whether the compound is soluble (dissolves completely) or insoluble (none of it dissolves). If all but a couple granules have dissolved, then you should state that the sample is soluble. Record these results in the following table. Now repeat the directions given above for with Miltonic acid. Record these results. Compound Water Prediction Water Result Hexane Prediction Hexane Result Phenyl Miltonic acid Problems 1. For each of the four solubility tests, explain your results in terms of the polarities. A. Phenyl in water b. Phenyl in hexane d. Miltonic acid in hexane Is hydrogen bonding possible for any of the 4 pairs of solids and solvent? If so, 2. Draw a picture showing a hydrogen bond between the solvent and solute. Part B. Solubility of Different Alcohols For each solubility test (see table), add 1 ml of solvent (water or hexane) to a test tube. Then add one of the alcohols drowses. Shake the tube after adding each drop. Continue adding the alcohol until you have added a total of 10 drops. If you see one layer, the liquids are miscible (soluble). If you see two layers, they are immiscible. Record your results (miscible or immiscible) in your notebook in table form. Methyl alcohol 1 -Octagon . Explain each of these results. Methyl alcohol in water a. B. Methyl alcohol in hexane . I-octagon in water d. I-octagon in hexane Part C. Miscible or Immiscible Pairs For each of the following pairs of liquid compounds, predict if the pairs will be miscible or immiscible. (It is best to make your prediction for each pair after you have tested the previous pairs. ) Then add 1 ml of both liquids to the same test tube. Use a different test tube for each pair. Shake the test tube for 10-20 seconds to determine if the two liquids are miscible (form one layer) or immiscible (form two layers). Record your results in the table. Mixture Prediction Result Water and Ethyl Alcohol Water and Ethyl Ether Water and Methyl Chloride Water and Hexane.